Francis Bacon’s The Advancement of Learning was dedicated to

The correct option is King James I.

Francis Bacon's philosophical work, The Advancement of Learning (full title: Of the Proficience and Advancement of Learning, Divine and Human), was published in 1605.
The book was structured as a detailed work on the state of knowledge and learning in his time, arguing for a new empirical approach to science and philosophy.
Bacon dedicated the work to King James I of England, who had succeeded Queen Elizabeth I in 1603. Bacon sought the King's patronage and support for his ambitious project to reform and organize the sciences.