Identify the correct statement on about ‘Langue’ and ‘Parole’
below:

A. Langue is the abstract language system, the grammar of
a language.
B. Parole is the language actually produced by its users
following Langue.
C. Langue is the language actually produced by its users
following Parole.
D. Parole is the abstract language system, the grammar of a
system.
E. Langue and Parole are not related to one language as
concepts.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The correct answer is A and B only.

To understand why this is the correct choice, let us break down the concepts of Langue and Parole, which were introduced by the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure in his structuralist theory of language:

1. Understanding 'Langue' (Statement A):
Langue represents the abstract, systematic, and collective rules of a language. It is the shared system of grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and syntax that exists in the minds of a community of speakers. Without this shared, abstract system, mutual comprehension would be impossible. Therefore, Statement A is correct: Langue is the abstract language system, the grammar of a language.

2. Understanding 'Parole' (Statement B):
Parole refers to the concrete, individual acts of speaking or writing. It is the actual language produced by users in real-life communication. When individuals speak or write, they execute these specific utterances by drawing upon the shared rules of Langue. Therefore, Statement B is correct: Parole is the language actually produced by its users following Langue.

3. Why the other statements are incorrect:
- Statement C is incorrect because it reverses the relationship. Speakers do not produce Langue by following Parole; rather, they produce Parole (individual utterances) by following the rules of Langue (the system).
- Statement D is incorrect because it incorrectly defines Parole as the abstract system and grammar, which is actually the definition of Langue.
- Statement E is incorrect because Langue and Parole are deeply related as complementary parts of the same linguistic framework, representing the system versus its usage.

Consequently, only statements A and B are accurate, making A and B only the correct option.