Match List I with List II

List I	List II
A) Antonio Gramsci	I Popular Culture
B) Pierre Bourdieu	II Hegemony
C) Dick Hebdige	III Cultural Capital
D) Raymond Williams	IV Subculture

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The correct answer is (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I).

To understand why this is the correct matching, let us analyze the contribution of each theorist to cultural studies and sociology:
1. Antonio Gramsci and Hegemony (A - II):
Antonio Gramsci, an Italian Marxist theorist, is best known for developing the concept of cultural hegemony. Hegemony explains how the ruling capitalist class maintains its power and control not simply through physical force or coercion, but by propagating its own values, beliefs, and worldviews through social institutions (such as schools, media, and churches) so that they are accepted as natural "common sense" by the working class.
2. Pierre Bourdieu and Cultural Capital (B - III):
Pierre Bourdieu, an influential French sociologist, introduced the concept of cultural capital. This refers to the non-financial social assets—such as education, language patterns, intellect, taste, style of dress, and cultural familiarity—that individuals acquire through their upbringing and social environment. Cultural capital acts as a currency that can facilitate social mobility or reinforce class stratification.
3. Dick Hebdige and Subculture (C - IV):
Dick Hebdige is a British cultural theorist famous for his seminal 1979 work, Subculture: The Meaning of Style. In this book, Hebdige examined how youth subcultures (such as punks, mods, and skinheads) use style, music, fashion, and behavior as a form of symbolic resistance against dominant cultural values and social norms.
4. Raymond Williams and Popular Culture (D - I):
Raymond Williams, a key founding figure of Cultural Studies, famously described culture as "a whole way of life." He critiqued the elitist view of high culture and focused on the significance of working-class culture and popular culture, analyzing how cultural forms are produced and consumed by everyday people in response to historical and economic conditions.