The author of “The Politics of Translation” and translator of
Mahashweta Devi’s “Standayini” is:

The correct option is Gayatri C. Spivak.

Here is the step-by-step educational explanation:
1. “The Politics of Translation”: This is an influential academic essay written by the prominent postcolonial and feminist theorist Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Published in her 1993 book Outside in the Teaching Machine, the essay examines the power dynamics, rhetorical nature, and ethical responsibilities of translating texts from postcolonial and third-world languages into dominant global languages like English.
2. Translation of “Standayini”: “Standayini” (often translated as “Breast-Giver”) is a celebrated Bengali short story by the activist and writer Mahasweta Devi. Gayatri C. Spivak translated this story into English, providing a detailed literary analysis that read the protagonist's body as a metaphor for the subaltern and the postcolonial nation.

By connecting both literary contributions, we confirm that Gayatri C. Spivak is the scholar responsible for both works.