Which of the following statements/concepts are relevant for understanding of Postmodernism?
(A) Postmodernism and Postcolonialism are mutually dependent in responding to colonial experience.
(B) Lyotard argues that the Postmodern condition is characterised by a deeply felt scepticism towards metanarratives.
(C) Edward W. Said has been instrumental in postmodern theory and criticism.
(D) Jean Baudrillard’s Simulacra and Simulations is a seminal postmodern text.
(E) Fredric Jameson argues that parody has been replaced by pastiche in postmodernism.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

The correct answer is (B), (D) and (E) Only.

To understand why these specific statements are relevant to Postmodernism, we can analyze each statement individually:

Statement (B) is correct: Jean-François Lyotard, in his seminal 1979 work The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, defined the postmodern condition as an "incredulity toward metanarratives." Metanarratives (or grand narratives) are overarching schemas or systems of belief that attempt to explain all of history, society, and knowledge (such as Marxism, the Enlightenment belief in scientific progress, or religious doctrines). Postmodernism rejects these totalizing truths in favor of localized, fragmented, and pluralistic perspectives.

Statement (D) is correct: Jean Baudrillard's Simulacra and Simulation (1981) is a key postmodern text. In it, Baudrillard introduces the concepts of "simulacra" (copies that depict things that either had no original, or that no longer have an original) and "hyperreality" (the inability of consciousness to distinguish reality from a simulation of reality). This critique of representation is a cornerstone of postmodern philosophy.

Statement (E) is correct: The Marxist cultural theorist Fredric Jameson, in his influential essay and book Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism, argues that pastiche has replaced parody in postmodern culture. Parody relies on a sense of a standard norm to mock or subvert a style. Jameson argues that because postmodernism lacks any sense of linguistic or stylistic norms, it resorts to "pastiche," which is a neutral, "blank parody" that mimics past styles without any satirical impulse or critical edge.

Why (A) and (C) are not selected:
• Statement (A) is incorrect because Postcolonialism and Postmodernism are independent theoretical movements. Although they overlap in their critique of Western master narratives, they are not mutually dependent. Postcolonialism specifically addresses the history, culture, and effects of imperialism and colonization, whereas Postmodernism is a broader critique of Western modernity and late capitalism.
• Statement (C) is incorrect because Edward W. Said is primarily a foundational figure of Postcolonial theory (most famous for his 1978 book Orientalism). While his critiques of Western representation intersect with postmodern skepticism, his primary domain of influence is postcolonial studies rather than postmodernism itself.